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<?php
/**
* This file is part of the Nette Framework (https://nette.org)
* Copyright (c) 2004 David Grudl (https://davidgrudl.com)
*/
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace Nette\Utils;
use JetBrains\PhpStorm\Language;
use Nette;
use function is_array, is_object, strlen;
/**
* String tools library.
*/
class Strings
{
use Nette\StaticClass;
public const TrimCharacters = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\u{A0}\u{2000}\u{2001}\u{2002}\u{2003}\u{2004}\u{2005}\u{2006}\u{2007}\u{2008}\u{2009}\u{200A}\u{200B}";
/** @deprecated use Strings::TrimCharacters */
public const TRIM_CHARACTERS = self::TrimCharacters;
/**
* @deprecated use Nette\Utils\Validator::isUnicode()
*/
public static function checkEncoding(string $s): bool
{
return $s === self::fixEncoding($s);
}
/**
* Removes all invalid UTF-8 characters from a string.
*/
public static function fixEncoding(string $s): string
{
// removes xD800-xDFFF, x110000 and higher
return htmlspecialchars_decode(htmlspecialchars($s, ENT_NOQUOTES | ENT_IGNORE, 'UTF-8'), ENT_NOQUOTES);
}
/**
* Returns a specific character in UTF-8 from code point (number in range 0x0000..D7FF or 0xE000..10FFFF).
* @throws Nette\InvalidArgumentException if code point is not in valid range
*/
public static function chr(int $code): string
{
if ($code < 0 || ($code >= 0xD800 && $code <= 0xDFFF) || $code > 0x10FFFF) {
throw new Nette\InvalidArgumentException('Code point must be in range 0x0 to 0xD7FF or 0xE000 to 0x10FFFF.');
} elseif (!extension_loaded('iconv')) {
throw new Nette\NotSupportedException(__METHOD__ . '() requires ICONV extension that is not loaded.');
}
return iconv('UTF-32BE', 'UTF-8//IGNORE', pack('N', $code));
}
/**
* Returns a code point of specific character in UTF-8 (number in range 0x0000..D7FF or 0xE000..10FFFF).
*/
public static function ord(string $c): int
{
if (!extension_loaded('iconv')) {
throw new Nette\NotSupportedException(__METHOD__ . '() requires ICONV extension that is not loaded.');
}
$tmp = iconv('UTF-8', 'UTF-32BE//IGNORE', $c);
if (!$tmp) {
throw new Nette\InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 character "' . ($c === '' ? '' : '\x' . strtoupper(bin2hex($c))) . '".');
}
return unpack('N', $tmp)[1];
}
/**
* @deprecated use str_starts_with()
*/
public static function startsWith(string $haystack, string $needle): bool
{
return str_starts_with($haystack, $needle);
}
/**
* @deprecated use str_ends_with()
*/
public static function endsWith(string $haystack, string $needle): bool
{
return str_ends_with($haystack, $needle);
}
/**
* @deprecated use str_contains()
*/
public static function contains(string $haystack, string $needle): bool
{
return str_contains($haystack, $needle);
}
/**
* Returns a part of UTF-8 string specified by starting position and length. If start is negative,
* the returned string will start at the start'th character from the end of string.
*/
public static function substring(string $s, int $start, ?int $length = null): string
{
if (function_exists('mb_substr')) {
return mb_substr($s, $start, $length, 'UTF-8'); // MB is much faster
} elseif (!extension_loaded('iconv')) {
throw new Nette\NotSupportedException(__METHOD__ . '() requires extension ICONV or MBSTRING, neither is loaded.');
} elseif ($length === null) {
$length = self::length($s);
} elseif ($start < 0 && $length < 0) {
$start += self::length($s); // unifies iconv_substr behavior with mb_substr
}
return iconv_substr($s, $start, $length, 'UTF-8');
}
/**
* Removes control characters, normalizes line breaks to `\n`, removes leading and trailing blank lines,
* trims end spaces on lines, normalizes UTF-8 to the normal form of NFC.
*/
public static function normalize(string $s): string
{
// convert to compressed normal form (NFC)
if (class_exists('Normalizer', false) && ($n = \Normalizer::normalize($s, \Normalizer::FORM_C)) !== false) {
$s = $n;
}
$s = self::unixNewLines($s);
// remove control characters; leave \t + \n
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[\x00-\x08\x0B-\x1F\x7F-\x9F]+#u', '', $s]);
// right trim
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[\t ]+$#m', '', $s]);
// leading and trailing blank lines
$s = trim($s, "\n");
return $s;
}
/** @deprecated use Strings::unixNewLines() */
public static function normalizeNewLines(string $s): string
{
return self::unixNewLines($s);
}
/**
* Converts line endings to \n used on Unix-like systems.
* Line endings are: \n, \r, \r\n, U+2028 line separator, U+2029 paragraph separator.
*/
public static function unixNewLines(string $s): string
{
return preg_replace("~\r\n?|\u{2028}|\u{2029}~", "\n", $s);
}
/**
* Converts line endings to platform-specific, i.e. \r\n on Windows and \n elsewhere.
* Line endings are: \n, \r, \r\n, U+2028 line separator, U+2029 paragraph separator.
*/
public static function platformNewLines(string $s): string
{
return preg_replace("~\r\n?|\n|\u{2028}|\u{2029}~", PHP_EOL, $s);
}
/**
* Converts UTF-8 string to ASCII, ie removes diacritics etc.
*/
public static function toAscii(string $s): string
{
$iconv = defined('ICONV_IMPL') ? trim(ICONV_IMPL, '"\'') : null;
static $transliterator = null;
if ($transliterator === null) {
if (class_exists('Transliterator', false)) {
$transliterator = \Transliterator::create('Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII');
} else {
trigger_error(__METHOD__ . "(): it is recommended to enable PHP extensions 'intl'.", E_USER_NOTICE);
$transliterator = false;
}
}
// remove control characters and check UTF-8 validity
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E\xA0-\x{2FF}\x{370}-\x{10FFFF}]#u', '', $s]);
// transliteration (by Transliterator and iconv) is not optimal, replace some characters directly
$s = strtr($s, ["\u{201E}" => '"', "\u{201C}" => '"', "\u{201D}" => '"', "\u{201A}" => "'", "\u{2018}" => "'", "\u{2019}" => "'", "\u{B0}" => '^', "\u{42F}" => 'Ya', "\u{44F}" => 'ya', "\u{42E}" => 'Yu', "\u{44E}" => 'yu', "\u{c4}" => 'Ae', "\u{d6}" => 'Oe', "\u{dc}" => 'Ue', "\u{1e9e}" => 'Ss', "\u{e4}" => 'ae', "\u{f6}" => 'oe', "\u{fc}" => 'ue', "\u{df}" => 'ss']); // „ “ ” ‚ ‘ ’ ° Я я Ю ю Ä Ö Ü ẞ ä ö ü ß
if ($iconv !== 'libiconv') {
$s = strtr($s, ["\u{AE}" => '(R)', "\u{A9}" => '(c)', "\u{2026}" => '...', "\u{AB}" => '<<', "\u{BB}" => '>>', "\u{A3}" => 'lb', "\u{A5}" => 'yen', "\u{B2}" => '^2', "\u{B3}" => '^3', "\u{B5}" => 'u', "\u{B9}" => '^1', "\u{BA}" => 'o', "\u{BF}" => '?', "\u{2CA}" => "'", "\u{2CD}" => '_', "\u{2DD}" => '"', "\u{1FEF}" => '', "\u{20AC}" => 'EUR', "\u{2122}" => 'TM', "\u{212E}" => 'e', "\u{2190}" => '<-', "\u{2191}" => '^', "\u{2192}" => '->', "\u{2193}" => 'V', "\u{2194}" => '<->']); // ® © … « » £ ¥ ² ³ µ ¹ º ¿ ˊ ˍ ˝ ` € ™ ℮ ← ↑ → ↓ ↔
}
if ($transliterator) {
$s = $transliterator->transliterate($s);
// use iconv because The transliterator leaves some characters out of ASCII, eg → ʾ
if ($iconv === 'glibc') {
$s = strtr($s, '?', "\x01"); // temporarily hide ? to distinguish them from the garbage that iconv creates
$s = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $s);
$s = str_replace(['?', "\x01"], ['', '?'], $s); // remove garbage and restore ? characters
} elseif ($iconv === 'libiconv') {
$s = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $s);
} else { // null or 'unknown' (#216)
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[^\x00-\x7F]++#', '', $s]); // remove non-ascii chars
}
} elseif ($iconv === 'glibc' || $iconv === 'libiconv') {
// temporarily hide these characters to distinguish them from the garbage that iconv creates
$s = strtr($s, '`\'"^~?', "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06");
if ($iconv === 'glibc') {
// glibc implementation is very limited. transliterate into Windows-1250 and then into ASCII, so most Eastern European characters are preserved
$s = iconv('UTF-8', 'WINDOWS-1250//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $s);
$s = strtr(
$s,
"\xa5\xa3\xbc\x8c\xa7\x8a\xaa\x8d\x8f\x8e\xaf\xb9\xb3\xbe\x9c\x9a\xba\x9d\x9f\x9e\xbf\xc0\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\x96\xa0\x8b\x97\x9b\xa6\xad\xb7",
'ALLSSSSTZZZallssstzzzRAAAALCCCEEEEIIDDNNOOOOxRUUUUYTsraaaalccceeeeiiddnnooooruuuuyt- <->|-.',
);
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[^\x00-\x7F]++#', '', $s]);
} else {
$s = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT//IGNORE', $s);
}
// remove garbage that iconv creates during transliteration (eg Ý -> Y')
$s = str_replace(['`', "'", '"', '^', '~', '?'], '', $s);
// restore temporarily hidden characters
$s = strtr($s, "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06", '`\'"^~?');
} else {
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[^\x00-\x7F]++#', '', $s]); // remove non-ascii chars
}
return $s;
}
/**
* Modifies the UTF-8 string to the form used in the URL, ie removes diacritics and replaces all characters
* except letters of the English alphabet and numbers with a hyphens.
*/
public static function webalize(string $s, ?string $charlist = null, bool $lower = true): string
{
$s = self::toAscii($s);
if ($lower) {
$s = strtolower($s);
}
$s = self::pcre('preg_replace', ['#[^a-z0-9' . ($charlist !== null ? preg_quote($charlist, '#') : '') . ']+#i', '-', $s]);
$s = trim($s, '-');
return $s;
}
/**
* Truncates a UTF-8 string to given maximal length, while trying not to split whole words. Only if the string is truncated,
* an ellipsis (or something else set with third argument) is appended to the string.
*/
public static function truncate(string $s, int $maxLen, string $append = "\u{2026}"): string
{
if (self::length($s) > $maxLen) {
$maxLen -= self::length($append);
if ($maxLen < 1) {
return $append;
} elseif ($matches = self::match($s, '#^.{1,' . $maxLen . '}(?=[\s\x00-/:-@\[-`{-~])#us')) {
return $matches[0] . $append;
} else {
return self::substring($s, 0, $maxLen) . $append;
}
}
return $s;
}
/**
* Indents a multiline text from the left. Second argument sets how many indentation chars should be used,
* while the indent itself is the third argument (*tab* by default).
*/
public static function indent(string $s, int $level = 1, string $chars = "\t"): string
{
if ($level > 0) {
$s = self::replace($s, '#(?:^|[\r\n]+)(?=[^\r\n])#', '$0' . str_repeat($chars, $level));
}
return $s;
}
/**
* Converts all characters of UTF-8 string to lower case.
*/
public static function lower(string $s): string
{
return mb_strtolower($s, 'UTF-8');
}
/**
* Converts the first character of a UTF-8 string to lower case and leaves the other characters unchanged.
*/
public static function firstLower(string $s): string
{
return self::lower(self::substring($s, 0, 1)) . self::substring($s, 1);
}
/**
* Converts all characters of a UTF-8 string to upper case.
*/
public static function upper(string $s): string
{
return mb_strtoupper($s, 'UTF-8');
}
/**
* Converts the first character of a UTF-8 string to upper case and leaves the other characters unchanged.
*/
public static function firstUpper(string $s): string
{
return self::upper(self::substring($s, 0, 1)) . self::substring($s, 1);
}
/**
* Converts the first character of every word of a UTF-8 string to upper case and the others to lower case.
*/
public static function capitalize(string $s): string
{
return mb_convert_case($s, MB_CASE_TITLE, 'UTF-8');
}
/**
* Compares two UTF-8 strings or their parts, without taking character case into account. If length is null, whole strings are compared,
* if it is negative, the corresponding number of characters from the end of the strings is compared,
* otherwise the appropriate number of characters from the beginning is compared.
*/
public static function compare(string $left, string $right, ?int $length = null): bool
{
if (class_exists('Normalizer', false)) {
$left = \Normalizer::normalize($left, \Normalizer::FORM_D); // form NFD is faster
$right = \Normalizer::normalize($right, \Normalizer::FORM_D); // form NFD is faster
}
if ($length < 0) {
$left = self::substring($left, $length, -$length);
$right = self::substring($right, $length, -$length);
} elseif ($length !== null) {
$left = self::substring($left, 0, $length);
$right = self::substring($right, 0, $length);
}
return self::lower($left) === self::lower($right);
}
/**
* Finds the common prefix of strings or returns empty string if the prefix was not found.
* @param string[] $strings
*/
public static function findPrefix(array $strings): string
{
$first = array_shift($strings);
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($first); $i++) {
foreach ($strings as $s) {
if (!isset($s[$i]) || $first[$i] !== $s[$i]) {
while ($i && $first[$i - 1] >= "\x80" && $first[$i] >= "\x80" && $first[$i] < "\xC0") {
$i--;
}
return substr($first, 0, $i);
}
}
}
return $first;
}
/**
* Returns number of characters (not bytes) in UTF-8 string.
* That is the number of Unicode code points which may differ from the number of graphemes.
*/
public static function length(string $s): int
{
return match (true) {
extension_loaded('mbstring') => mb_strlen($s, 'UTF-8'),
extension_loaded('iconv') => iconv_strlen($s, 'UTF-8'),
default => strlen(@utf8_decode($s)), // deprecated
};
}
/**
* Removes all left and right side spaces (or the characters passed as second argument) from a UTF-8 encoded string.
*/
public static function trim(string $s, string $charlist = self::TrimCharacters): string
{
$charlist = preg_quote($charlist, '#');
return self::replace($s, '#^[' . $charlist . ']+|[' . $charlist . ']+$#Du', '');
}
/**
* Pads a UTF-8 string to given length by prepending the $pad string to the beginning.
* @param non-empty-string $pad
*/
public static function padLeft(string $s, int $length, string $pad = ' '): string
{
$length = max(0, $length - self::length($s));
$padLen = self::length($pad);
return str_repeat($pad, (int) ($length / $padLen)) . self::substring($pad, 0, $length % $padLen) . $s;
}
/**
* Pads UTF-8 string to given length by appending the $pad string to the end.
* @param non-empty-string $pad
*/
public static function padRight(string $s, int $length, string $pad = ' '): string
{
$length = max(0, $length - self::length($s));
$padLen = self::length($pad);
return $s . str_repeat($pad, (int) ($length / $padLen)) . self::substring($pad, 0, $length % $padLen);
}
/**
* Reverses UTF-8 string.
*/
public static function reverse(string $s): string
{
if (!extension_loaded('iconv')) {
throw new Nette\NotSupportedException(__METHOD__ . '() requires ICONV extension that is not loaded.');
}
return iconv('UTF-32LE', 'UTF-8', strrev(iconv('UTF-8', 'UTF-32BE', $s)));
}
/**
* Returns part of $haystack before $nth occurence of $needle or returns null if the needle was not found.
* Negative value means searching from the end.
*/
public static function before(string $haystack, string $needle, int $nth = 1): ?string
{
$pos = self::pos($haystack, $needle, $nth);
return $pos === null
? null
: substr($haystack, 0, $pos);
}
/**
* Returns part of $haystack after $nth occurence of $needle or returns null if the needle was not found.
* Negative value means searching from the end.
*/
public static function after(string $haystack, string $needle, int $nth = 1): ?string
{
$pos = self::pos($haystack, $needle, $nth);
return $pos === null
? null
: substr($haystack, $pos + strlen($needle));
}
/**
* Returns position in characters of $nth occurence of $needle in $haystack or null if the $needle was not found.
* Negative value of `$nth` means searching from the end.
*/
public static function indexOf(string $haystack, string $needle, int $nth = 1): ?int
{
$pos = self::pos($haystack, $needle, $nth);
return $pos === null
? null
: self::length(substr($haystack, 0, $pos));
}
/**
* Returns position in characters of $nth occurence of $needle in $haystack or null if the needle was not found.
*/
private static function pos(string $haystack, string $needle, int $nth = 1): ?int
{
if (!$nth) {
return null;
} elseif ($nth > 0) {
if ($needle === '') {
return 0;
}
$pos = 0;
while (($pos = strpos($haystack, $needle, $pos)) !== false && --$nth) {
$pos++;
}
} else {
$len = strlen($haystack);
if ($needle === '') {
return $len;
} elseif ($len === 0) {
return null;
}
$pos = $len - 1;
while (($pos = strrpos($haystack, $needle, $pos - $len)) !== false && ++$nth) {
$pos--;
}
}
return Helpers::falseToNull($pos);
}
/**
* Divides the string into arrays according to the regular expression. Expressions in parentheses will be captured and returned as well.
*/
public static function split(
string $subject,
#[Language('RegExp')]
string $pattern,
bool|int $captureOffset = false,
bool $skipEmpty = false,
int $limit = -1,
bool $utf8 = false,
): array
{
$flags = is_int($captureOffset) // back compatibility
? $captureOffset
: ($captureOffset ? PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE : 0) | ($skipEmpty ? PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY : 0);
$pattern .= $utf8 ? 'u' : '';
$m = self::pcre('preg_split', [$pattern, $subject, $limit, $flags | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE]);
return $utf8 && $captureOffset
? self::bytesToChars($subject, [$m])[0]
: $m;
}
/**
* Searches the string for the part matching the regular expression and returns
* an array with the found expression and individual subexpressions, or `null`.
*/
public static function match(
string $subject,
#[Language('RegExp')]
string $pattern,
bool|int $captureOffset = false,
int $offset = 0,
bool $unmatchedAsNull = false,
bool $utf8 = false,
): ?array
{
$flags = is_int($captureOffset) // back compatibility
? $captureOffset
: ($captureOffset ? PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE : 0) | ($unmatchedAsNull ? PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL : 0);
if ($utf8) {
$offset = strlen(self::substring($subject, 0, $offset));
$pattern .= 'u';
}
if ($offset > strlen($subject)) {
return null;
} elseif (!self::pcre('preg_match', [$pattern, $subject, &$m, $flags, $offset])) {
return null;
} elseif ($utf8 && $captureOffset) {
return self::bytesToChars($subject, [$m])[0];
} else {
return $m;
}
}
/**
* Searches the string for all occurrences matching the regular expression and
* returns an array of arrays containing the found expression and each subexpression.
* @return ($lazy is true ? \Generator<int, array> : array[])
*/
public static function matchAll(
string $subject,
#[Language('RegExp')]
string $pattern,
bool|int $captureOffset = false,
int $offset = 0,
bool $unmatchedAsNull = false,
bool $patternOrder = false,
bool $utf8 = false,
bool $lazy = false,
): array|\Generator
{
if ($utf8) {
$offset = strlen(self::substring($subject, 0, $offset));
$pattern .= 'u';
}
if ($lazy) {
$flags = PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE | ($unmatchedAsNull ? PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL : 0);
return (function () use ($utf8, $captureOffset, $flags, $subject, $pattern, $offset) {
$counter = 0;
while (
$offset <= strlen($subject) - ($counter ? 1 : 0)
&& self::pcre('preg_match', [$pattern, $subject, &$m, $flags, $offset])
) {
$offset = $m[0][1] + max(1, strlen($m[0][0]));
if (!$captureOffset) {
$m = array_map(fn($item) => $item[0], $m);
} elseif ($utf8) {
$m = self::bytesToChars($subject, [$m])[0];
}
yield $counter++ => $m;
}
})();
}
if ($offset > strlen($subject)) {
return [];
}
$flags = is_int($captureOffset) // back compatibility
? $captureOffset
: ($captureOffset ? PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE : 0) | ($unmatchedAsNull ? PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL : 0) | ($patternOrder ? PREG_PATTERN_ORDER : 0);
self::pcre('preg_match_all', [
$pattern, $subject, &$m,
($flags & PREG_PATTERN_ORDER) ? $flags : ($flags | PREG_SET_ORDER),
$offset,
]);
return $utf8 && $captureOffset
? self::bytesToChars($subject, $m)
: $m;
}
/**
* Replaces all occurrences matching regular expression $pattern which can be string or array in the form `pattern => replacement`.
*/
public static function replace(
string $subject,
#[Language('RegExp')]
string|array $pattern,
string|callable $replacement = '',
int $limit = -1,
bool $captureOffset = false,
bool $unmatchedAsNull = false,
bool $utf8 = false,
): string
{
if (is_object($replacement) || is_array($replacement)) {
if (!is_callable($replacement, false, $textual)) {
throw new Nette\InvalidStateException("Callback '$textual' is not callable.");
}
$flags = ($captureOffset ? PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE : 0) | ($unmatchedAsNull ? PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL : 0);
if ($utf8) {
$pattern .= 'u';
if ($captureOffset) {
$replacement = fn($m) => $replacement(self::bytesToChars($subject, [$m])[0]);
}
}
return self::pcre('preg_replace_callback', [$pattern, $replacement, $subject, $limit, 0, $flags]);
} elseif (is_array($pattern) && is_string(key($pattern))) {
$replacement = array_values($pattern);
$pattern = array_keys($pattern);
}
if ($utf8) {
$pattern = array_map(fn($item) => $item . 'u', (array) $pattern);
}
return self::pcre('preg_replace', [$pattern, $replacement, $subject, $limit]);
}
private static function bytesToChars(string $s, array $groups): array
{
$lastBytes = $lastChars = 0;
foreach ($groups as &$matches) {
foreach ($matches as &$match) {
if ($match[1] > $lastBytes) {
$lastChars += self::length(substr($s, $lastBytes, $match[1] - $lastBytes));
} elseif ($match[1] < $lastBytes) {
$lastChars -= self::length(substr($s, $match[1], $lastBytes - $match[1]));
}
$lastBytes = $match[1];
$match[1] = $lastChars;
}
}
return $groups;
}
/** @internal */
public static function pcre(string $func, array $args)
{
$res = Callback::invokeSafe($func, $args, function (string $message) use ($args): void {
// compile-time error, not detectable by preg_last_error
throw new RegexpException($message . ' in pattern: ' . implode(' or ', (array) $args[0]));
});
if (($code = preg_last_error()) // run-time error, but preg_last_error & return code are liars
&& ($res === null || !in_array($func, ['preg_filter', 'preg_replace_callback', 'preg_replace'], true))
) {
throw new RegexpException(preg_last_error_msg()
. ' (pattern: ' . implode(' or ', (array) $args[0]) . ')', $code);
}
return $res;
}
}
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