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• NAME
• SYNOPSIS
• DESCRIPTION
• COMMAND SUMMARY
  • Standard Commands
  • Message Digest Commands
  • Encoding and Cipher Commands
• OPTIONS
  • Common Options
  • Pass Phrase Options
• SEE ALSO
• HISTORY
• COPYRIGHT

NAME

openssl - OpenSSL command line tool

SYNOPSIS

openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

openssl list [ standard-commands | digest-commands | cipher-commands | cipher-algorithms | digest-algorithms | public-key-algorithms]

openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]

DESCRIPTION

OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.

The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can be used for

o  Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
o  Public key cryptographic operations
o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
o  Calculation of Message Digests
o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
o  Time Stamp requests, generation and verification

COMMAND SUMMARY

The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and command_args in the SYNOPSIS).

Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file. The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the location of the file. If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named openssl.cnf in the default certificate storage area, whose value depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL was built.

The list parameters standard-commands, digest-commands, and cipher-commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.

The list parameters cipher-algorithms and digest-algorithms list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:

from => to

The list parameter public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key algorithms.

The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is available. If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional command line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program. (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or no-XXX itself.)

Standard Commands

dh

Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by genpkey and genpkey and gendh

Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by genpkey and genpkey.

pkeyutl.

Message Digest Commands

md2

MD2 Digest

md5

MD5 Digest

mdc2

MDC2 Digest

rmd160

RMD-160 Digest

sha

SHA Digest

sha1

SHA-1 Digest

sha224

SHA-224 Digest

sha256

SHA-256 Digest

sha384

SHA-384 Digest

sha512

SHA-512 Digest

Encoding and Cipher Commands

base64

Base64 Encoding

bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb

Blowfish Cipher

cast cast-cbc

CAST Cipher

cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb

CAST5 Cipher

des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb

DES Cipher

des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb

Triple-DES Cipher

idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb

IDEA Cipher

rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb

RC2 Cipher

rc4

RC4 Cipher

rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb

RC5 Cipher

OPTIONS

Details of which options are available depend on the specific command. This section describes some common options with common behavior.

Common Options

-help

Provides a terse summary of all options.

Pass Phrase Options

Several commands accept password arguments, typically using -passin and -passout for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current terminal with echoing turned off.

pass:password

The actual password is password. Since the password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important.

env:var

Obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.

file:pathname

The first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.

fd:number

Read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example.

stdin

Read the password from standard input.

SEE ALSO

ca(1), cms(1), crl(1), dgst(1), dsa(1), ec(1), enc(1), errstr(1), genpkey(1), nseq(1), passwd(1), pkcs7(1), pkey(1), pkeyutl(1), rehash(1), rsa(1), s_client(1), s_time(1), smime(1), spkac(1), verify(1), x509(1), ssl(7), HISTORY

The list-XXX-algorithms pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual manual pages.

COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html.